InhaltsangabePreface xiii Fundamental Constants xvii 1 Growth of Bulk, Thin Films, and Nanomaterials 1 1.1 Introduction, 1 1.2 Growth of Bulk Semiconductors, 5 1.2.1 LiquidEncapsulated Czochralski (LEC) Method, 5 1.2.2 Horizontal Bridgman Method, 11 1.2.3 FloatZone Growth Method, 14 1.2.4 Lely Growth Method, 16 1.3 Growth of Semiconductor Thin Films, 18 1.3.1 LiquidPhase Epitaxy Method, 19 1.3.2 VaporPhase Epitaxy Method, 20 1.3.3 Hydride Vapor-Phase Epitaxial Growth of Thick GaN Layers, 22 1.3.4 Pulsed Laser Deposition Technique, 25 1.3.5 Molecular Beam Epitaxy Growth Technique, 27 1.4 Fabrication and Growth of Semiconductor Nanomaterials, 46 1.4.1 Nucleation, 47 1.4.2 Fabrications of Quantum Dots, 55 1.4.3 Epitaxial Growth of Self-Assembly Quantum Dots, 56 1.5 Colloidal Growth of Nanocrystals, 61 1.6 Summary, 63 Problems, 64 Bibliography, 67 2 Application of Quantum Mechanics to Nanomaterial Structures 68 2.1 Introduction, 68 2.2 The de Broglie Relation, 71 2.3 Wave Functions and Schr¨odinger Equation, 72 2.4 Dirac Notation, 74 2.4.1 Action of a Linear Operator on a Bra, 77 2.4.2 Eigenvalues and Eigenfunctions of an Operator, 78 2.4.3 The Dirac ´-Function, 78 2.4.4 Fourier Series and Fourier Transform in Quantum Mechanics, 81 2.5 Variational Method, 82 2.6 Stationary States of a Particle in a Potential Step, 83 2.7 Potential Barrier with a Finite Height, 88 2.8 Potential Well with an Infinite Depth, 92 2.9 Finite Depth Potential Well, 94 2.10 Unbound Motion of a Particle (E> V0) in a Potential Well With a Finite Depth, 98 2.11 Triangular Potential Well, 100 2.12 Delta Function Potentials, 103 2.13 Transmission in Finite Double Barrier Potential Wells, 108 2.14 Envelope Function Approximation, 112 2.15 Periodic Potential, 117 2.15.1 Bloch's Theorem, 119 2.15.2 The Kronig-Penney Model, 119 2.15.3 OneElectron Approximation in a Periodic Dirac ´Function, 123 2.15.4 Superlattices, 126 2.16 Effective Mass, 130 2.17 Summary, 131 Problems, 132 Bibliography, 134 3 Density of States in Semiconductor Materials 135 3.1 Introduction, 135 3.2 Distribution Functions, 138 3.3 MaxwellBoltzmann Statistic, 139 3.4 FermiDirac Statistics, 142 3.5 BoseEinstein Statistics, 145 3.6 Density of States, 146 3.7 Density of States of Quantum Wells, Wires, and Dots, 152 3.7.1 Quantum Wells, 152 3.7.2 Quantum Wires, 155 3.7.3 Quantum Dots, 158 3.8 Density of States of Other Systems, 159 3.8.1 Superlattices, 160 3.8.2 Density of States of Bulk Electrons in the Presence of a Magnetic Field, 161 3.8.3 Density of States in the Presence of an Electric Field, 163 3.9 Summary, 168 Problems, 168 Bibliography, 170 4 Optical Properties 171 4.1 Fundamentals, 172 4.2 Lorentz and Drude Models, 176 4.3 The Optical Absorption Coefficient of the Interband Transition in Direct Band Gap Semiconductors, 179 4.4 The Optical Absorption Coefficient of the Interband Transition in Indirect Band Gap Semiconductors, 185 4.5 The Optical Absorption Coefficient of the Interband Transition in Quantum Wells, 186 4.6 The Optical Absorption Coefficient of the Interband Transition in Type II Superlattices, 189 4.7 The Optical Absorption Coefficient of the Intersubband Transition in Multiple Quantum Wells, 191 4.8 The Optical Absorption Coefficient of the Intersubband Transition in GaN/AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells, 196 4.9 Electronic Transitions in Multiple Quantum Dots, 197 4.10 Selection Rules, 201 4.10.1 Electron-Photon Coupling of Intersubband Transitions in Multiple Quantum Wells, 201 4.10.2 Intersubband Transition in Multiple Quantum Wells, 202 4.10.3 Interband Transition, 202 4.11 Excitons, 204 4.11.1 Excitons in Bulk Semiconductors, 205 4.11.2 Excitons in Quantum Wells, 211 4.11.3 Excitons in Quantum Dots, 213 4.12 Cyclotron Reso

Hersteller:
Wiley-VCH GmbH
[email protected]
Boschstr. 12
DE 69469 Weinheim

Omar Manasreh, PhD, is a Full Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Arkansas. Dr. Manasreh has received several awards, including a Science and Technology Achievement Award presented by the Air Force Materiel Command at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base and the Aubrey E. Harvey Graduate Research Award presented by the University of Arkansas chapter of Sigma Xi. He has published more than 130 papers in technical journals, presented over fifty papers at national and international meetings, and has participated in over sixty invited talks. Dr. Manasreh is a member of the IEEE, American Physical Society, and the Materials Research Society.

Leseprobe

Chapter One. Growth of bulk, thin films, and nanomaterials. 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Growth of bulk semiconductors. 1.3 Growth of semiconductor thin films. 1.4 Fabrication and growth of semiconductor nanomaterials. 1.5 Colloidal Growth of nanocrystals. Chapter Two. Application of quantum mechanics to nanomaterial structures. 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 The de Broglie Relation. 2.3 Wave functions and Schrödinger Equation. 2.4 Dirac Notation. 2.5 Variational method. 2.6 Stationary states of a particle in a potential step. 2.7 Potential barrier with a finite height. 2.8 Potential well with an infinite depth. 2.9 Finite depth potential well. 2.10 Unbound motion of a particle (E> Vo) in a potential well with a finite depth. 2.11 Triangular potential well. 2.12 Delta function potentials. 2.13 Transmission in finite double barrier potential wells. 2.14 Envelope function approximation. 2.15 Periodic potential. 2.16 Effective mass. Chapter Three. Density of states in Semiconductor materials. 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Distribution functions. 3.3 Maxwell-Boltzmann statistic. 3.4 Fermi-Dirac statistics. 3.5 Bose-Einstein statistics. 3.6 Density of states. 3.7 Density of states of quantum wells, wires and dots. 3.8 Density of states of other systems. Chapter Four. Optical Properties. 4.1 Fundamentals. 4.2 Lorentz and Drude models. 4.3 The optical absorption coefficient of the interband transition in direct band gap semiconductors. 4.4 The optical absorption coefficient of the interband transition in indirect band gap semiconductors. 4.5 The optical absorption coefficient of the interband transition in quantum wells. 4.6 The optical absorption coefficient of the interband transition in type II superlattices. 4.7 The optical absorption coefficient of the intersubband transition in multiple quantum wells. 4.8 The optical absorption coefficient of the intersubband transition im GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum wells. 4.9 Electronic transitions in multiple quantum dots. 4.10 Selection rules. 4.11 Excitons. 4.12 Cyclotron resonance. 4.13 Photoluminescence. 4.14 Basic concepts of photoconductivity. Chapter Five. Electrical and Transport Properties. 5.1 Introduction. 5.2 The Hall Effect. 5.3 Quantum Hall and Shubnikov-de Haas Effects. 5.4 Charge Carrier transport in bulk semiconductors. 5.5 Boltzmann transport equation. 5.6 Derivation of transport coefficients using the Boltzmann transport equation. 5.7 Scattering mechanisms in bulk semiconductors. 5.8 Scattering in a two-dimensional electron gas. 5.9 Coherence and mesoscopic systems. Chapter Six. Electronic Devices. 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Schottky Diode. 6.3 Metal-semiconductor field effect transistors (MESFETs). 6.4 Junction field effect transistor (JFET). 6.5 Heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs). 6.6 GaN/AlGaN heterojunction field effect transistors (HFETs). 6.7 Heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). 6.8 Tunneling electron transistors. 6.9 The p-n junction tunneling Diode. 6.10 Resonant Tunneling Diodes. 6.11 Coulomb Blockade. 6.12 Single electron transistor. Chapter Seven. Optoelectronic Devices. 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Infrared quantum detectors. 7.3 Light emitting diodes. 7.4 Semiconductors lasers. Summary. Problems. Bibliography and additional readings.