At the end of the twentieth century France found itself in the midst of another scandalous fin de siècle, awash with rumors and revelations of wrongdoing in high places. As the millennium expired, the Republics servants, some sitting, others retired, received much condemnation, whether welcomed or resented. When taken together, surely les affaires now approximate in political significance (if not in noise or invective) those of the Dreyfus or Panama scandals a century ago? Yet the author argues this is not so. Today, treason has vanished and is slowly giving way to a transgression different in kind, but equivalent in gravamen: the crime against humanity. Corruption is far from disappearing, yet now it inspires resignation rather than indignation - and as such, it has lost its power to scandalize. Jankowski claims that such transformations tell a tale. The state that once aspired to pre-eminence as the sole magnet of loyalty, touchstone of probity, and guarantor of right, has yielded significant ground to the individual who is now more likely to elevate his own dignity and cry scandal on his own behalf. [In these times,] Individualism is de-politicizing the group and [ultimately] diluting the mystique of France, the nation-state par excellence.

Currently Ray Ginger Professor of History and Chair of the History Department at Brandeis University,Paul Jankowski is the author ofCommunism and Collaboration. Simon Sabiani and Politics in Marseille, 1919-1944 and ofStavisky. A Confidence Man in the Republic of Virtue. He was educated in Geneva, New York, and Balliol College, Oxford.

Acknowledgements

Introduction

Notes

Chapter 1. Treason
Treubruch
Lese-majeste
Lese-nation
Crimes against humanity
Notes

Chapter 2. Corruption
Avarice
Peculat
Corruption
Les Affairs
Notes

Chapter 3. Injustice
Equity and monarchy
Equity and nation
Equity and democracy
Equity and the individual

Chapter 4. Conclusion

Notes
Appendix of scandals
Bibliography
Index