Control systems have come to play an important role in the performance of modern vehicles with regards to meeting goals on low emissions and low fuel consumption. To achieve these goals, modeling, simulation, and analysis have become standard tools for the development of control systems in the automotive industry. Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines provides an up-to-date treatment of the topic from a clear perspective of systems engineering and control systems, which are at the core of vehicle design. This book has three main goals. The first is to provide a thorough understanding of component models as building blocks. It has therefore been important to provide measurements from real processes, to explain the underlying physics, to describe the modeling considerations, and to validate the resulting models experimentally. Second, the authors show how the models are used in the current design of control and diagnosis systems. These system designs are never used in isolation, so the third goal is to provide a complete setting for system integration and evaluation, including complete vehicle models together with actual requirements and driving cycle analysis. Key features: * Covers signals, systems, and control in modern vehicles * Covers the basic dynamics of internal combustion engines and drivelines * Provides a set of standard models and includes examples and case studies * Covers turbo- and super-charging, and automotive dependability and diagnosis * Accompanied by a web site hosting example models and problems and solutions Modeling and Control of Engines and Drivelines is a comprehensive reference for graduate students and the authors' close collaboration with the automotive industry ensures that the knowledge and skills that practicing engineers need when analysing and developing new powertrain systems are also covered.

InhaltsangabePreface xvii Series Preface xix Part I VEHICLE - PROPULSION FUNDAMENTALS 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Trends 4 1.2 Vehicle Propulsion 8 1.3 Organization of the Book 11 2 Vehicle 15 2.1 Vehicle Propulsion Dynamics 15 2.2 Driving Resistance 16 2.3 Driving Resistance Models 28 2.4 Driver Behavior and Road Modeling 32 2.5 Mission Simulation 34 2.6 Vehicle Characterization/Characteristics 34 2.7 Fuel Consumption 36 2.8 Emission Regulations 39 3 Powertrain 45 3.1 Powertrain Architectures 45 3.2 Vehicle Propulsion Control 50 3.3 TorqueBased Powertrain Control 52 3.4 Hybrid Powertrains 58 3.5 Outlook and Simulation 60 Part II ENGINE - FUNDAMENTALS 4 Engine Introduction 69 4.1 Air, Fuel, and Air/Fuel Ratio 69 4.2 Engine Geometry 73 4.3 Engine Performance 74 4.4 Downsizing and Turbocharging 77 5 Thermodynamics and Working Cycles 81 5.1 The FourStroke Cycle 81 5.2 Thermodynamic Cycle Analysis 85 5.3 Efficiency of Ideal Cycles 98 5.4 Models for In-Cylinder Processes 105 6 Combustion and Emissions 119 6.1 Mixture Preparation and Combustion 119 6.2 SI Engine Combustion 121 6.3 CI Engine Combustion 126 6.4 Engine Emissions 128 6.5 Exhaust Gas Treatment 137 Part III ENGINE - MODELING AND CONTROL 7 Mean Value Engine Modeling 145 7.1 Engine Sensors and Actuators 146 7.2 Flow Restriction Models 149 7.3 Throttle Flow Modeling 156 7.4 Mass Flow Into the Cylinders 159 7.5 Volumes 162 7.6 Example Intake Manifold 166 7.7 Fuel Path and (A/F) Ratio 168 7.8 InCylinder Pressure and Instantaneous Torque 180 7.9 Mean Value Model for Engine Torque 186 7.10 EngineOut Temperature 193 7.11 Heat Transfer and Exhaust Temperatures 196 7.12 Heat Exchangers and Intercoolers 203 7.13 Throttle Plate Motion 206 8 Turbocharging Basics and Models 211 8.1 Supercharging and Turbocharging Basics 211 8.2 Turbocharging Basic Principles and Performance 214 8.3 Dimensional Analysis 220 8.4 Compressor and Turbine Performance Maps 223 8.5 Turbocharger Models and Parametrizations 232 8.6 Compressor Operation and Modeling 232 8.7 Turbine Operation and Modeling 249 8.8 Transient Response and Turbo Lag 254 8.9 Example Turbocharged SI Engine 255 8.10 Example - Turbocharged Diesel Engine 257 9 Engine Management Systems - An Introduction 263 9.1 Engine Management System (EMS) 263 9.2 Basic Functionality and Software Structure 266 9.3 Calibration and Parameter Representation 267 10 Basic Control of SI Engines 271 10.1 Three Basic SI Engine Controllers 272 10.2 Throttle Servo 279 10.3 Fuel Management and lambda Control 282 10.4 Other Factors that Influence lambda Control 294 10.5 Ignition Control 299 10.6 Idle Speed Control 306 10.7 Torque Management and Idle Speed Control 307 10.8 Turbo Control 308 10.9 Dependability and Graceful Degradation 315 11 Basic Control of Diesel Engines 317 11.1 Overview of Diesel Engine Operation and Control 317 11.2 Basic Torque Control 320 11.3 Additional Torque Controllers 322 11.4 Fuel Control 323 11.5 Control of Gas Flows 327 11.6 Case Study: EGR and VGT Control and Tuning 332 11.7 Diesel After Treatment Control 346 12 EngineSome Advanced Concepts 349 12.1 Variable Valve Actuation 349 12.2 Variable Compression 356 12.3 Signal Interpretation and Feedback Control 361 Part IV DRIVELINE - MODELING AND CONTROL 13 Driveline Introduction 373 13.1 Driveline 373 13.2 Motivations for Driveline Modeling and Control 373 13.3 Behavior without Appropriate Control 376 13.4 Approach 380 14 Driveline Modeling 381 14.1 General Modeling Methodology 381 14.2 A Basic Complete Model - A Rigid Driveline 384 14.3 Driveline Surge 386 14.4 Additional Driveline Dynamics 391 14.5 Clutch Influence and Backlash in General 396 14.6 Modeling of Neutral Gear and Open Clutch 404

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