Vehicle noise, vibration, and emissions are only a few of the factors that can have a detrimental effects on overall performance of an engine. These aspects are benchmarks for choice of customers while choosing a vehicle or for engineers while choosing an engine for industrial applications. It is important that mechanical and automotive engineers have some knowledge in this area, as a part of their well-rounded training for designing and selecting various types of engines.  This volume is a valuable introductory text and a handy reference for any engineer, manager, or technician working in this area.

Aman Gupta holds a masters degree from Punjab Technical University, and he has written or co-written several books and papers.?His areas of research include heat transfer, thermal engineering, and solid mechanics.

Shubham Sharma holds a masters degree from Punjab Technical University.?His area of research is in mechanical engineering, and he is a consultant in the field of combustion engines.

Sunny Narayan holds a masters degree from the University of Bristol in the United Kingdom and has several books and papers to his credit. He is a member of SAE, ASME and INCE and is a freelance tutor. His area of research includes combustion engines, focusing on noise and vibration aspects of engines.

Preface ix

Introduction xi

1 Introduction to Combustion Engines 1

1.1 Historical Background 1

1.2 Classifications 6

1.3 Engine Components 11

References 23

2 Gasoline Engine Technology 27

2.1 Introduction 27

2.2 Background 29

2.3 Charge Delivery Systems 32

2.4 Carburetor 33

2.5 Fuel Injection Systems 38

2.6 Injection Systems 40

2.7 Sensors 43

References 46

3 Diesel Engine Technology 49

3.1 Introduction 49

3.2 Injection Systems 57

References 65

4 Turbocharging 69

4.1 Introduction 69

4.2 Background 70

4.3 Conclusions 75

References 76

5 Combustion Based Noise 77

5.1 Introduction 77

5.2 Background 78

5.3 Conclusions 80

References 83

6 Superchargers 87

6.1 Introduction 87

6.2 Roots Supercharger 90

6.3 Centrifugal Supercharger 91

6.4 Screw Supercharger 92

References 94

7 Materials for Engine 95

7.1 Introduction 95

7.2 Structural Properties 96

7.3 Non-Structural Properties 97

7.4 Cast Iron 100

7.5 Aluminum 101

References 101

8 Vehicle Noise and Vibration 103

8.1 Introduction 103

8.2 Vehicle Systems 104

8.3 Transfer Paths 105

8.4 Features of NVH 106

8.5 Importance of Vehicle NVH 113

References 115

9 Power Train NVH 121

9.1 Introduction 121

9.2 Engine Vibrations 122

9.3 Combustion Noise 130

9.4 Spectrum Characteristics of Cylinder Pressure 134

9.5 Relationship between the Spectrum of Cylinder Pressure and Noise 138

9.6 Motion Based Noise 150

9.7 Piston Slap 152

9.8 Bearing Noise 168

9.9 Oil Pump Noise 172

Contents vii

9.10 Timing Chain and Belt Noise 176

9.11 Transmission Whine 180

9.12 Rattle 185

9.13 Clutch Noise 189

9.14 Flow Noise 196

9.15 Muffler 200

References 203

10 Body and Chassis System 211

10.1 Introduction 211

10.2 Vehicle Interior NVH 215

10.3 NVH Damping 226

References 237

11 Vehicle Testing 243

11.1 Introduction 243

11.2 Decomposition of Various Sources 244

11.3 Interior Noise 246

11.4 Psychoacoustic Analysis 247

11.5 Conclusions 251

References 251

Index 255