This book provides information that facilitates integrated climate actions in cities, leveraging disruptive technologies, business models, policies, financing, and leadership solutions. It fosters the development of climate smart and wise cities. It reviews the major developments of climate actions in cities and combines climate environment and energy technology, policy and financing instruments. A range of distinguished authors assess the experiences thus far and also consider future development from both theoretical and practical perspectives. They also discuss many policy and technical options, including climate smart and wise city planning, inclusion of urban nature, international and national carbon market mechanisms and measuring its impact and digital transformation. Moreover, attention is paid to the role of natural principles, the role of transparency principles and to aspects of democratic climate governance within a climate action scheme. This book makes clear that thecarbon neutrality, sustainability, circularity, efficiency, connectivity and resiliency of cities depend to a large extent on the specific digital technologies and the leadership reshaping our cities.
Discussing multidisciplinary aspects of climate action, this book offers new insights to academics, policymakers and practitioners both in the public and private sectors. Those insights are not only retrospective, relevant for understanding the past, but they are also prospective and forward-looking, guiding the achievements of the SDGs and the climate goals.

Part I: Climate smart and wise cities.- Planning instruments for climate smart cites: A spatial, green and digital approach.- The role of block-chain, big data, internet of things and artificial intelligence for transformative climate-action.- Part II: Nature-based approach in cities.- Climate change and urban nature: Impacts and policies at the urban level.- Vulnerability and risk assessment of the port Moresby(Papua New Guinea) coastline: A case study.- Assessment of mangrove distribution and drivers of mangrove cover change from 2010-2020 of the national capital district(Port Moresby) Papua New Guinea.- Part III: Fostering climate action in cities.- Possible climate actions in cities.- Innovative new market mechanism from project to mitigation activities in the urban context: a new paradigm.- How can global carbon markets promote low-carbon cities in developing countries? Lessons learned from the clean development mechanism.- Climate change mitigation action enablers for climatesmart cities.- Market mechanism in the building sector from an urban perspective : Creative building solutions.- New advanced GHG accounting system for cities enabled by DLT.- Appendix: A guide to carbon neutral city plan 2050: An urban integration platform modeling approach.