7. 2 The Pilot Zone of the FerIo. 157 7. 2. 1 Geographical Zoning and Administrative Setup. 157 7. 2. 2 Climate. 158 7. 2. 3 The Substratum. 161 7. 2. 4 Surface Water. 166 7. 2. 5 Vegetation and Rangelands. 166 7. 2. 6 Wildlife. 168 7. 2. 7 Livestock. 168 7. 2. 8 Evolution of Land Use and History of Development. 170 7. 3 Monitoring. 181 7. 3. 1 Principles, Problems and Methods. 181 7. 3. 2 Evaluation of Green Herbaceous Biomass by Orbital Remote Sensing. 188 7. 3. 3 Evaluation of Range Production from Ground Sampling. 207 7. 3. 4 Low Altitude Systematic Reconnaissance Flights (SRF). 211 7. 3. 5 Practical Results. 215 7. 4 Conclusions on Monitoring. 233 8 General Conclusions: Towards an Ecological Management of the Sahelian Ecosystems. 237 References. 241 Subject Index. 269 of Scientific Names. 275. Index Animals. 275 Plants. 277 VII Abbreviations and Acronyms AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer CILSS Comite Inter-Etats de Lutte contre la Secheresse au Sahel CIPEA Centre International pour l'Elevage en Afrique CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CP Crude Protein (N x 6.

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